Solutions · SaaS & B2B software

You hold the data.
Your customer holds the liability.

The DPDP Act makes the fiduciary responsible for processing done on its behalf “irrespective of any agreement to the contrary,” and puts no direct statutory duty on the processor. A SaaS vendor secures the data; the enterprise customer answers for a vendor-originated breach. That allocation cannot be contracted away, so it lands as an indemnity fight in every renewal — and behind the vendor sits a sub-processor chain the customer has never heard of, under a cross-border regime that is permissive today and repointable by executive order any quarter.

FROM THE SEPTEMBER 2026 PROBLEM REGISTER · 4 SAAS PROBLEMS SWEPT · 4 SHOWN HERE, ONE LABELLED HYPOTHESISED · HOW THIS WAS BUILT

What the ground actually looks like

Three confirmed collisions, and one we label honestly.

Confirmed means two independent sources, at least one the instrument itself or a practitioner record. The fourth card follows from the text but nobody is on record feeling it in India yet — so it says hypothesised.

01 · LIABILITY THAT CANNOT BE CONTRACTED AWAY

The vendor holds customer-uploaded personal data while the Act puts every statutory obligation, and all liability, on the customer alone.

Section 8(1): the fiduciary is responsible for compliance “irrespective of any agreement to the contrary.” Unlike the GDPR’s Article 28, there are no direct statutory processor duties; s.8(2) requires only that a processor act under a valid contract. Enterprises now demand DPDP-shaped data-processing agreements with heavier indemnities and run security questionnaires against vendors they cannot inspect; none of it changes the statutory allocation.

SOURCES · DPDP Act s.8(1), s.8(2) (statute) · NASSCOM feedback on the draft Rules (practitioner) · Enterprise DPA demands on SaaS vendors (practitioner-adjacent)

Confirmed · sweep of 2 Sep 2026
02 · THE INVISIBLE CHAIN

SaaS, then cloud, then CDN, then analytics: the fiduciary is answerable for every link in a chain it cannot see, on breach clocks measured in hours.

Section 8(1)’s “on its behalf” reaches the whole chain; s.8(2) and Rule 6’s safeguards — contractual provisions with processors, one-year log retention — must propagate to parties the Indian fiduciary has never heard of. A breach three links down may never reach the fiduciary within any usable Rule 7 window. Published sub-processor pages and change notifications are a GDPR habit that Indian contracts are now importing; audit rights are written and rarely exercised.

SOURCES · DPDP Act s.8; DPDP Rules 2025, Rules 6–7 (text) · practitioner-adjacent accounts of sub-processor clauses now demanded (context)

Confirmed · the chain is the liability surface
03 · EXTRATERRITORIAL, AND REPOINTABLE

Foreign SaaS serving Indian users is within scope, under a cross-border regime that permits transfers today but can be narrowed by government order any quarter.

Section 3(b) applies the Act to processing outside India in connection with offering goods or services to persons in India. Rule 15 permits transfers by default, subject to any future order — the negative list is currently empty. Rule 13 lets the government bar Significant Data Fiduciaries from taking specified categories offshore, and the ministry signalled in January 2026 that it intends to use it. Industry bodies opposed the restriction on the record. The problem is not a mandate; it is that you cannot design a topology against an order that can arrive any quarter.

SOURCES · DPDP Act s.3(b), s.16; DPDP Rules 2025, Rules 13 and 15 (text) · Industry opposition to the SDF cross-border restriction (practitioner, as reported)

Confirmed · no transfer restriction exists today; the uncertainty is the problem
04 · WITHDRAWAL THAT DOES NOT TRAVEL

Consent captured at one surface does not propagate across API integrations, and withdrawal propagates even less — the schemas have no field for it.

Section 6(6): on withdrawal, the fiduciary must cease processing and “cause its Data Processors to cease” within a reasonable time. CRM, marketing, analytics and partner integrations carry no consent metadata in their record shapes, so a withdrawal at the product surface is a manual suppression-list sync everywhere else. The statutory duty and the architectural gap are both real; no second source yet documents an operational failure in India, because the right is not in force until mid-May 2027.

SOURCES · DPDP Act s.6(6) (statute) · no practitioner record yet — stated as such

Hypothesised · the duty is primary-confirmed; the failure is not yet on record
What the law actually says — and what it doesn’t

Claims we corrected before putting them here.

The register started from AI-drafted hypotheses and kept only what the instruments supported. These are the software-specific claims that changed on the way.

There is no data-localisation mandate today.

Rule 15’s negative list is empty. Nothing in force restricts a transfer out of India under DPDP. The exposure is s.3(b) extraterritoriality plus the power to issue an order later — which the AI drafts missed while asserting a mandate that does not exist.

Processors have no direct statutory duties under DPDP.

Material that ports GDPR Article 28 obligations onto Indian processors describes a regime India did not enact. Every processor duty a vendor carries is contractual, flowing down from the fiduciary’s own s.8 responsibility — which is exactly why the DPA has become the battleground.

A compressed timeline was proposed, not enacted.

The ministry consulted in January 2026 on shortening the eighteen-month runway. No amending notification had been located as of the sweep. Mid-May 2027 remains the operative date, and plans built on the proposal are plans built on a draft.

No DPDP penalty can be imposed on anyone today.

The penalty provisions commence in mid-May 2027 and the Board had no members as of 1 August 2026. No Significant Data Fiduciary class has been notified. The penalty schedule is stated plainly here, once — and it applies to your customer, not to you, which is the whole point of collision 01.

RULES NOTIFIED MID-NOV 2025 · CONSENT-MANAGER REGISTRATION OPENS MID-NOV 2026 · DUTIES, RIGHTS AND PENALTIES MID-MAY 2027 · DATES STATED AS THE NOTIFICATIONS STATE THEM

Where Consent Tree fits today

The evidence you hand your customer
in the DPA negotiation.

Everything below is live today and maps to shipped code — the same rule as every page on this site. Capabilities we are still building are not listed here.

FOR 01 · THE INDEMNITY FIGHT

An audit trail your enterprise customer can verify without trusting you

Every consent, erasure, refusal and notice publication in your product becomes a linked record bound to the one before it, periodically stamped by an independent timestamp authority. When a customer’s security questionnaire asks what happened to a data principal’s record and when, the answer is a receipt that verifies in their browser — not an assertion in your DPA. Anyone can check it.

Live: tamper-evident audit trail · independent anchoring · verifiable receipts
FOR 02 · YOUR OWN CHAIN

Your sub-processors and their DPAs as a scored register, with a completed correction dispatched to each

The platform holds the processors your product relies on, with each data-processing agreement tracked and scored. When a correction to a person’s data completes, every processor recorded against that person is notified and a delivery record is kept per processor — pending, delivered or failed. Erasure propagation to sub-processors is not claimed on this page; correction propagation is what is live, and it is the same pattern.

Live: processor & DPA register · correction propagation with per-processor delivery evidence
FOR 04 · WITHDRAWAL, EXECUTED

Rights requests executed against the systems you connect — including the ones your customers use

An erasure is executed, not ticketed: a parameter-bound delete against the table and column you nominate, every object under the person’s prefix in S3-compatible storage, and deletion through Salesforce, HubSpot, Zoho and Freshdesk’s own APIs — each returning the count it actually removed, and any system you can expose an HTTP endpoint for. Where a vendor publishes no deletion API, the connector says so rather than reporting a success it cannot achieve.

Live: erasure connectors · DSR orchestration · SLA tracking
FOR YOUR OWN USERS · CONSENT AND LANGUAGES

Purpose-level consent for the people using your product, in twenty-two Indian languages

Consent is captured per specified purpose, never all-or-nothing, with versioned notices and withdrawal as easy as the grant, honoured across every property. Notices render in the Eighth Schedule languages through a self-hosted model — nothing leaves our systems. Builders integrate through the developer hub: SDKs, webhooks, and an API whose public paths are published.

Live: purpose-by-purpose consent · versioned notices · 22 Indian languages · SDKs & webhooks